The challenge facing us is to define mathematically the relationship between evolving intelligence and the rate of universal expansion. If the universe was in a state of contraction rather than expansion, then the two processes would have an inverse relationship; however, since the best scientific evidence at this time would suggest that the universe is expanding, our hypothesis is based on this latter assumption.

Intelligence Volume of Space

In time this mathematical relationship could be tested. Once we know the rate of universal expansion and the rate that intelligence is evolving, then this could be accomplished. Before we pursue this relationship, let us first better define our present concept of space.

Our conceptual picture of space has been evolving as more quantum phenomena are identified. Space is no longer seen as a void or pure vacuum. Virtual particles are believed to be constantly coming into existence temporarily out of empty space and then fading back into oblivion. These ghost particles cannot be seen, although they do seem to leave their physical traces. Thus, what might appear to represent empty space is actually a seething ferment of virtual particles.³... springing forth from the infinite vacuum energy that is diffusely distributed throughout space. According to Paul Davies, "Mathematical modeling suggests that, on the scale at least 20 powers of 10 smaller than an atomic nucleus, space becomes `foamy' in structure, with violent, spontaneous growth and decay of curvature." .⁴

The concept of how space and matter interrelate has also been evolving. Einstein regarded matter as extremely intense concentrations of energy or local condensations of the quantum field. He believed that there was no matter as such, but that the field could take the form of quanta or particles. In the quantum field theories, the distinction between solid particles and space surrounding them is entirely lost. The field represents the fundamental physical entity as a continuous medium which is present everywhere throughout space.⁵... A material particle such as a proton or electron is considered to be a small domain of the electrical field within which the field strength assumes enormously high values.⁶

The becoming and fading of particles are simply forms of motion of the field.⁷... Space, therefore, is a living void pulsating in endless rhythms of creation and destruction.

The concept of how space and energy interrelate has been partly summarized by David Bohm. He believes that space contains an immense background of energy, which we avoid in our mathematical calculations. Background energy is ignored by calculating only the difference between the energy of "empty" space and that of space with matter in it.⁸... He also describes space as a plenum, after the Greek philosopher Zeno, and states that it "is the ground for the existence of everything, including ourselves.".⁹... Bohm also describes space as a "holomovement," containing an immense sea of energy with interspersed matter that is to be treated as a comparatively small pattern of excitation.¹⁰... He believes that "consciousness is no longer to be fundamentally separated from matter." Matter is the object of our consciousness.¹¹

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