The concept of how space and the forces of nature interrelate has been suggested by Paul Davies. He has stated that the new unified field theory as it is evolving would suggest that "all the forces of nature, not merely gravity, are treated as manifestations of space-time structure. What we normally call gravity is a warp in the four space-time dimensions of our perceptions, while the other forces are reduced to higher-dimensional space warps. All the forces of nature are revealed as nothing more than hidden geometry at work.".¹²... It needs to be emphasized that he conceives that all of the forces of nature are manifestations of space-time structure. This correlates with the concept that intelligence is also an attribute of space-time structure, thus giving evidence of a fundamental relationship between the forces of nature and intelligence.

Space is seen to contain many fields such as occur with electricity and magnetism. A field represents an "invisible halo of influence emanating from matter and extending through space.".¹³... Gravity is also a type of field which is more far-reaching than others. Every particle in existence, even including energy, is influenced by gravity and every particle is a source of gravity.¹⁴... All particles couple to the gravitational field, but only charged particles couple to the electromagnetic field.¹⁵

Other theoretical models of space have been postulated, and many more will come; however, what seems to be a recurring concept is expressed by D.E. Thomsen. "In the view of modern cosmologists, space has properties similar to those of matter. It can be stretched, compressed, curved and twisted. It can also undergo phase changes analogous to freezing or boiling, and those phase changes can leave behind topological defects like the defects and dislocations that sometimes occur when crystals form. One theory of relatively recent origin suggests that in the case of space, these defects are strings that form closed loops. These strings allegedly generate strong gravitation effects.".¹⁶

The more we learn about space, the less like a vacuum it becomes. In addition to the ingredients already mentioned, radio astronomers have detected an ever-increasing list of organic molecules in interstellar space, including: cyanogen (CN), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), formaldehyde (H2CO), formic acid (HCOOH), methanol (CH3OH), acetaldehyde (HCOCH3), and methyl formate (HCOOCH3).¹⁷

Time is intimately related to space and is truly a fourth dimension in every sense of the word. Our mind allows us to perceive time differently from the other three dimensions; however, if the concept of mind is erased, then time becomes a measurement of distance, which then would allow for the calculation of volume change of space in an expanding universe. This will be illustrated later.

Time is relative according to relativity theory, and if we could travel back to the origin of the universe we would find that the pace of events would quicken. The farther back we go, the faster things happen.¹⁸... Time is slowed by a gravitational field, so that it flows more slowly in a valley than on a mountain peak. It also flows more slowly on the surface of the sun than on earth.¹⁹.. Time slows also for any object in motion as it approaches the speed of light.

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