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Topic 3 In chapter 10 of the Integrated Theory of Intelligence the importance of the “arrow of time” is discussed and it was suggested that the universe in continually gaining in information even though the thermodynamic arrow of time also indicates that entropy is also increasing throughout the universe. This has seemed to represent a paradox to many individuals because of a lack of understanding of the principles involved. Peter Coveney and Roger Highfield address this issue in their book “The Arrow of Time.” They believe that open systems of increasing complexity evolve while entropy still increases on a universal wide basis.1 This concept is still refuted by many who only recognize the continual non-reversible entropy as postulated in the 2nd law of thermodynamics. This law is commonly and erroneously regarded as being a watchword for uniform degeneration into randomness.2 Ilya Prigogine previously presented a new paradigm as discussed in the Integrated Theory of Intelligence that suggests that order can emerge from disorder through a process of self-organization. This works in conjunction and not opposition to the 2nd law of thermodynamics.3 The authors express their viewpoint that there is a definite arrow of time to the universe with a past, present and future which is not recognized in quantum mechanics or relativity theory and therefore both must be seen as incomplete descriptions of physical reality even though both have been scientifically validated to a high degree. They are not wrong – just incomplete. Chaos seems to be an integral part of how the arrow of time fits within Newtonian mechanics and quantum theory.4 Newtonian mechanics, quantum mechanics and relativity theory are all time symmetric. Any and all equations within these 3 systems allow for both forward or backward movement of time.5 Chaos would prevent any time reversal in all 3 disciplines. There are also other arrows of time that force the forward march of time. The electromagnetic arrow that precludes light reversal. Light in a room doesn’t converge back to the lamp filament that generated it nor is light emitted from our eyes to be reabsorbed by the sun.6 The authors also give multiple examples of biological clocks that move time forward without the option of moving backward.7 Paul Davies in his book, “About Time”, also suggests that biological evolution has introduced an arrow of time into nature that points in the opposite direction to the 2nd law of thermodynamics which suggests that everything is undergoing entropy and therefore is breaking down or deteriorating and that eventually the universe will undergo a heat death. Evolution is an uphill process. Whereas thermodynamics predicts degeneration and chaos, biological evolutionary processes are progressively producing order out of chaos.8 Evan Harris Walker in his book “The physics of Consciousness” says that quantum mechanics with state vector collapse is an arrow of time at the atomic level. Quantum interactions prepare states which when consciously observed causes state vector collapse which is non-reversible. State vector collapse also give time structure, texture, granularity and “thickness”. Conscious observation of quantum events is a necessary prerequisite resulting in state vector collapse and the irreversibility of time.9 Topic 3 Bibliography
Paul Davies is a Professor of Mathematic Physics and Natural Philosophy at the University of Adelaide in Australia. Peter Coveney is a program leader in the Rock and Fluid Physics Department at Cambridge University in England. He was previously a lecturer in Physical Chemistry at the University of Wales and a Junior Research fellow at Oxford University. Roger Highfield was a researcher at Oxford University before becoming Science Editor of the London Daily Telegraph. Evan Harris Walker is a Ph.D. physicist from the University of Maryland and is the founder of the Walker Cancer Institute. . |