| Integrated Theory of Intelligence |
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Topic 6 In chapter 7 of the “Integrated Theory of Intelligence” the hypothesis is presented that in life forms, intelligence is manifested across a wide spectrum and can even be viewed as a continuum with man at the upper end and the most basic and simplest life forms at the lower end (p 7.1). In chapter 14 the hypothesis is presented that “consciousness is an attribute of intelligence, which exists as a spectrum and is not limited to humans (p. 14.1). James L. Gould and Carol Grant Gould in their book “The Animal Mind” present an outstanding review of scientifically based experimentation exploring the presence and depth of animal intelligence. Many examples of vertebrate and invertebrate intelligence and even consciousness are given which leave little doubt that intelligent cognition is present in other animal life forms. Previous attempts by humans to exclude the presence of intelligence in other life forms would again seem to reflect our own self-centered bias similar to the long-held belief until a few hundred years ago that our earth was the center of the universe. For those interested in exploring animal intelligence and consciousness in depth, their book is strongly recommended. Topic 6 Bibliography
James L. Gould is a noted ethologist and a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Princeton University. Carol Grant Gould is a widely published science writer. . |